Allergies in dogs and cats

Allergies in dogs and cats are abnormal reactions of the immune system to generally harmless substances, called allergens. These allergens can be environmental (pollen, dust, mold), dietary (specific proteins) or parasite-related (fleas, mites). Signs of allergy include intense itching, skin redness, recurring ear infections, digestive problems or excessive licking. In some animals, these symptoms can develop into secondary infections requiring medical treatment. Diagnosis is based on allergy testing, food analysis or careful observation of triggers. Treatments include elimination of the allergen (for example, a hypoallergenic diet or flea control), antihistamines or corticosteroids to relieve symptoms, and sometimes immunotherapy to desensitize the animal. Regular veterinary monitoring is essential to adapt the treatment and improve the animal's quality of life.